Stabilizer for aeronautical vehicles.



W. P. HENSEL. 'STABILIZBR FOR ABRONAHTIGAL VEHICLES.A

APPLICATION FILED AUG.11, 1913.

1,112,794.. v Patented 0@t.6,1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

4160069/ .if nvefnz/ MM f @Mfmgym @Jv/f 76W 24 mVM/Wm W. F. HBNSEL.STABILIZER FORv ABRONAUTIGAL VBHIGLBS.

APPLICATION FILED AG.11, 1913.

Patented Oct. 6, 1914 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W. F. HENSEL, STABHJZBR PoR AERONAUTIGAL VEHICLES.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 11, 1913..

1,1 12,794., Patented 001;. 6, 1914 s SHBBTsfsHBBT 34 @MQAQ @man FA; @uw

Vn Ou SEBILEZ; l?, GDMPAITY, @E CHICAGO, ELLENOS, il. COR?? @Een eninn-mms.

AEEONAUTICL VT-ECUES.

Replication filed ingusi'; il, ESB,

fninifie Fonnsie `he United Sees, 11ein the een l i @ook is haveinvented frei-teni nenv une useful nipeveinens in Stabilizieel vehieles,of which the to inipi'evemens in 1'eel vehieleg and has bjeet tojnoifcle sabilizer allyfe opei'ete he baleneeneh L movable plane.nieinbei's7 by *which el' foire and balance is :itt ine` in ifa-sionseinis el neioplanes, hydro-aeoplnnes and the like7 by poeiively e;eoniielled, appliances.

ojeme oi my "Wentie elling n'ieehnnism of positive und certain Qetionbui el' such balneed construction es to be delicately re- S ,(isiire o1die nioif'einens lhe gravity res ensive parte; unl e further object ofmy invention is e pro-Vide eenstlueion such hat 'die noinnil automaticcenti-ol may be instan* ing deviees subjee- Le auch manuel Centrel- 'ngnpglinnees :1S nie euetenieiily provided in :iei'onaulienl vehicles.

' l .diei\ings, wherein l have illusi embodiment of my invention E aion. View el.: en. aeroplane eqnippef wiih nij/ impl" sinbilizei' forlateral Solubility; the stehn fri-emily ei;- :iggz'ei'ated in size foieleainees illusifetien. Fig'. Q is n freut elemtien ef ihe stabilizermechanism with parte in See/liens; Fig. 3 is n Vertical Seeien enline`3-3 of Fig. 2' and Fig. Ji n detail of aeroplane construeeion lakenen line li-l of Fig. l.

The aeroplane m-iuetuie shown is inendeel merely to ypifjv any Suitableneionnuiel vehicle hnvi i siueuie movablebnl- :ineing eleinenrs -n theforni of planes, Tuddeis m: wine nations, to be controlled in iheirnievenxens fel' inainnining stability. The pznflieulai V',1ue'uie Shownby; Way of exeninliieeien Consiste of the aei'oplnne 10 having suimbleupper and louer plaines l and 12 l enl nileiens ei balancing planes13H43" eneli eentzallj.' a, ivoted es at 14 in e. suitable bracketstiueine l5 to be lili-ed foi'e and mit. fo1.seeuiinej lnieinl balance.The kunt" ends ef the ailerons i3 and l are eonneeted by eeblee l@ and3.5i ige ly discontinuedE to leave he balene-- limiet valve 29 havingits outlet opening' "D P- .Lf i *f v i eeen-.ned @en Serial 5:30.784,633.

site exiieinties of the powef applying; piS- ten fed 20, and ilie' reniedges of the seid ailerons ae eonneeed by cables l? and 1T" 'te thelespeeiifely opposite end of said piston ierd 20, (suiable pulley beingo1"- @curse ppvided direct lle cables) so ln; nievenien't of elle pistonrod 20 in the cliieelion of eithef eileien produces an elevation of theedge'ef that aileron eed eleve,n

tion of front edge of the posing ene. i rv JL' i 'i es far dieeuteinaeie devices helemee described aie concerned, the pieton rod 20eonstiues a part te ineved fel' eeniel of itlie balancing epei'znion.llt eerries e central piston 2l eonainecl in e double` ended cylinder 22whereof 23 and Q3 iepfegeni; she opposite chambers each ef which has nperla 24@ and 24" respectively, which act beli :is the intake andexhaust pori foi* vhe fluid e move the piston.

The appnmtus cenrolling the intieduetion of epeating Huid intoA the twoends of the eylindei1 pievides subetnn'ially nll'o its parte induplicate, and is synnnetnioelly arranged7 so the-.- as l describe theappliances zippurtenant to ehanibeeo he eylindei it is to he undeisteodhat they esfedupliesited ivili respee to the other Chmnideniied by thesaine nuinbef.

me Liping eennection 25 Wien i" ive 2G controlling he supply i: i inzipessuife pipe 27. Said port piping eenneeien 52S to an inte he nii',Said exhaust valve 29. for cere if'enienee of the opemion lieiezieidescribed, being 'preferably loeaed immediately below 'the Supply valve2G for the opposite chamber of the cylinderD for the genl eral pupose ofcausing operating pants, moving in. ene dii-fiction, simultaneously "ceopen 'the intake Valve fer one Chamber o he eylinder and lo close theexhaust valve for said ehmnhei. Each intake valve, 26 and. 26',preferably eonipi'ises a Snell QGadivided by valve sent 26 inse twoChambers respectively eonneel'ed With'pipes Q5 and 27, eonnnunieaionheiebetween being'A 00ntrelled by the Yalve-proper 3() pressed by :lspying" 3l teu'aid closed pesitifm7 the Ynlve stein exending inwardlythrough e sp1-ingpressedpeeking-gland 26 and bearing en its exreniitjyan adjnsable eonaet head The exhaust valve 29'oi" the opposite eidedirections liom a central ovest and 'looming ATD oppositeljv inclinedrun Wav/s for t'vvo balls of giavity-iesponsive devices ll end'l-lla Foreopeiatioii with the tivo bells ll piovidel suitable l eveznieaus, aCentral levell l2 loeing pivoted to tbe Cylinder 22 and extendingdownivairdbetween end in Contact With the eontaot 'heads for tbe valves2 6 and 2G and thiouggli an .opening at the Crest or eentei ot thedouble inclined tube lll, so that in addition to operating the supplyvalves it retains each ball in its own lialt1 oli the tube LlO. llliislever l2 ilse lias balanced Spring eoi'ineetions liglit springs 114 allto tle stems of exhaust vvelves end Q9' iepeetivelff so that as 'lelevel' l2 is tliiovm tlie left, say, tlie tension on. spring tending' toelosevelve 29 foi' eliainbei 23 is i Itossed. @ther leveis and l" depending' fi'ofn pivotal supports on tlie cylinder 22 extend thiougbapeituies il end 26 neat 'l 1- Y". er 'ig 4l() normally to ieeeive inili the balls 421 and Lll. Each j with the outer extremity of the rodfoi the contiguous exib-sust valve l" toi' positively esse-ting onopening act on thereon, the Weight of .balls Lll, ll ly overcomingspings 4l, 4l and o' botli relief valves open. 'lliis airan;V ment, inlieu el direct eonneetion et' the valves 29, 29 to be pulled Closed bylever Llzl, facilitates, as a matter of refinement, but o pi'aoticaladvantage, t` maintene4 normal nance ot both relief valves in openposition and the provision made for instantaneous reliet of tbebalancing mechanism from automatic eoiitml so that manual eontiol ottlne balene' function may be assumed, Suela provision diagiommatioellyshown in tlie drawings, may be made, 'for example, bv equipp' the supplypipe l?? which, sup plies com lo the pipes vlve 27 l' i vfitli a votaiyeut oil piuovil'led vfitli handle ol, sllowii We which is n .in and withtivo spiii g pi'essed e 5l. is

tuined to lowest position so es to out oil' 'Lne supply' oil", operatingfluid tem the intake valves 26 and 2G tbe s laelening of Cord 53 permitsbotli oluugefs 5l and 5l to press outvvaidljv, throwing outwardly inopposite vdii'ectioiis the tvv/o leveis l5 and thereby to open botlioutlet valves 29 and 29 simultaneously ivitli the cuttingA od' of tliefluid supply, iegaidless of the positions of balls lll, ll and leves 42.sony suitable manual oontiollei lo? tlie ailefons, suoli, for exai'zipleas band level1 56, operatively connected with the paft to be moved, oi'piston sod, 20, may then lieve unimpeded Control ol tlie balano planes'llie ports described control lateral bal auoe only, tlie bell runwaybeing afranged trausvefselv of the aeroplane, but a duplioateinstallation, with tliebzill-runvvays airanged ifoe end aft., may be.psovided to oontfo-l the horizontal tailfuddei, 'iozot elevetoi' "esother erts emflo ed los seouiin a e) l.

fore and alt balones. lbis duplication is not slooivn as it wouldinvolve only confusing; inoltiplieetion oe parts in the difavvingg.

opeiation it will be undeistood that opposite tilting oit tloe aileonsi3 and 13 'tends to reise one o1 tlie aeroplane and depress tlieotliei". left 'sand side ll feised, until the eentei of tube 4&0 islovve: than its left end,

ball lll rolls dovvn against level1 l2, throwing tlie letter to tlieright, Closing ifellei valve.

29g and opening inlet valve Q6', While relief valve 29 of course semaineopen. rl`l1is introduces compressed air fsom pipe l2? into cylinderchemise; 23', the piston 2l moves to the left, the 4font edge of therig-nt .bend aileron is raised and tlie othee sileion corsespondinglylowered. As e result, obviously, balance is restored.

saines nearly balanced position ball l-l rolls back against lever 45',opening` relief valve Q9 and permitting tlie spiing pressed pressurevalve Q6" to Close, so that, both ielief valves being opened, the airpressure on the ailerons (or spring; piessui'e used in some aeroplanes)may move tliein., oi they may be hand moved, haelt to normal position.

ll/lanitestljv when valve handle 5l is tuined down slitting: of? thecompressed air supplyv and permitting plungeifs 5l,4 fiel to press beekbotli levers 45, 45', the piston Q1 may travel freely and manual controlof the balencinoh devices may loe ivliollv ielied on.

lllliile l have herein deseiibed a. paitieulai en'ibodiinent ot' myinvention foi' 'full disclosure, it will loe apparent tb at changes maybe made in its details Without depai'tmfe tuoni tbe si' it o'l ,myinvention and vvitliin tlie s e oit tbe appended claims.I

llev desoiibed my inw/ntied` ivlial l Claim 1 l. combination Willi au:ieironau veliiele baviug iuovebl e balancing il ne lll/flies theineehine tilts, with its' 'll/lien the veliicle re-' tions, of means toautomatically operate said balancing portions comprising a piston rodoperatively connected with said balancing portions, a piston thereon, acylinder for said piston, supply and exhaust valvesfor each chamber of'said cylinder, and two independent gravity responsive means operable inresponse to tilting of the vehicle in either direction, each of saidgravity responsive means operating the sup'ply valve of one chamber andexhaust valve of the other chamber to cause piston movement in anappropriate direction.

2. In a balancing' means for aeronautical vehicles having movablebalancing plane parts, means to automatically operate said balancingparts comprising a piston rod for connection with said parts, a pistonthereon,l

a cylinder for said piston, an intake valve and an exhaust valve foreach chamber of the cylinder, the intake valves normally closed and theexhaust valves normally open, two oppositely inclined runways, gravityresponsive movable parts in said runways, and operating` connections,mechanically operable by pressure of said gravity responsive parts foropening the supply valve and closing' the exhaust valve of theappropriate chamber in response to tilting of the vehicle.

3. In a balancing meansfor an aeronautical vehicle having movablebalancing wing parts, means to automatically operate said wing parts,comprising a. power cylinder, a piston therein, a `piston rodoperatively connected with the winke, parts, a tube providing oppositelyinclined runways, two ballsl in said runways respectively, a supplyvalve and exhaust 'alve for each chamber ot' the cylinder, and levermeans actuated by the balls for opening either supply valve and closingthe corresponding exhaust valve extending into said runway for operationby the balls.

i. In' a device of the character described, the combination with thedouble ended cylinder containingV a piston and a connected part to bemoved, an operating lever, supply valves for opposite ends of thecylinder, disposed at opposite sides of said lever for operationthereby, and normally openeX- haust valves for opposite ends of thecylinder disposed on the sides of said lever opposite to the supplyvalves for the same chambers oi' the cylinder, controlled for closure bysaid lever` oppositely inclined runways associated with said lever, andgravity responsive means in said runways alternalively movable tooperate said lever accordingly as the vehicle is tilted in one directionor the other.

In a device of the character described, the combination with the doubleended cylvalves tor opposite ends of the cylinder, disposed at oppositesides ot said lever for operation thereby, an exhaust valve for cach endof the cylinder disposed on the side of said lever opposite to thesupply valve for the same chamber of the cylinder', said exhaust valvesspring connected to said 1rever, oppositely inclined runways associatedwith said lever, and gravity responsive means in saidy runwaysalternatively movable to operate said lever accordingly as the vehicleis tilted in one directionor the other.

6. In a device ofthe character described, the combination with a part tobe moved, a piston and cJ linder, of exhaust and supply valve means foreach end of said cylinder, automatic gravity controlled means forsimultaneously opening the intake valve and closing the exhaust valvefor one cylinder chamber, and manually controlled means forsimultaneously locking both exhaust valves for the two chambers of thecylin ler in open position and cutting off the uid supply for bothchambers irrespective of the gravity controlled means.

7. In a device of the character described, a cylinder, a piston therein,a piston rod to be moved, normallyclosed intake valves 'for bothchambers of the4 cylinder, lever means common to said valves foralternatively opening the same, exhaust valves for the respectivecylinder-chambers, individual lever means for openingthe same, adouble-in-v clined runway, and two balls therein, each ball operativelyassociated with the common lever means for the two intake valves andwith the individual lever means for one eX- haust valve. .Y

8. In a device of the character described, a double-inclined .runwayhaving,r a central crest, gravity responsive means 1n each end of therunway, a central movable part eX- tendin'g into the runway for oppositeoperation by the respective gravity responsive means, opposed movableparts in opposite ends of the runway for movement by the respectivegravity lresponsive means, a cyl- 'inder, a piston therein, and mtalrecontrolling means and exhaust controlling' means for each chamber oflthecylinder, the intake controlling means for both chambers operated bysaid central movable part and the exhaust controlling` means for eachchamber operated by the opposed movable parts.-

In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand in the presence of twowitnesses.

WILLIAM FOREST HENSEL.

In the presence of Gro. T. MAY, J r., MARY F. ALLEN.

Copies of this patent may 'De obtained for vc cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

